做題時(shí)尤其是做大題時(shí)，為了給閱卷老師明確的列出考試的重點(diǎn)，考生一定要注意答題的邏輯性，可以采用總分總的回答方式作答，也可以采用遞進(jìn)式或并列式的方式作答。2020年全國(guó)考研英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)試題及答案。
TEXT 1
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New World community. For example, the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably.
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers demanded skilled artisans.
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture.
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic.
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North America is supported by information in the text?
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring land.
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans.
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during the seventeenth century.
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers.
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political interdependence of the colonies and England.
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States.
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to acquire land.
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values that eventually shaped the character of the United States.
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition?
[A] It is totally implausible.
[B] It is partially acceptable.
[C] It is highly admirable.
[D] It is controversial though persuasive.
4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England?
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture of England.
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have generally been unrecognized by historians.
[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did not develop a culture that was uniquely their own.
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high culture of New England.
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about Bailyn’s work?
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North American culture.
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies on Great Britain.
[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect.
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group of migrants to colonial North America.
[答案與考點(diǎn)解析]
1. 【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)解析】這是一道審題定位題。題干中的“migrants”一詞暗示本題的答案信息在第一段或第三段，因?yàn)檫@兩段的首句都含有“migrants”一詞。又根據(jù)題干中的“supported”一詞，我們可以推斷出本題的答案信息來(lái)源應(yīng)該在原文的第三段，因?yàn)樽髡邞?yīng)該在第三段提出相應(yīng)證據(jù)來(lái)“支持”(supported)自己的觀點(diǎn)。通過(guò)仔細(xì)閱讀和理解第三段，尤其是第三段的尾句，我們可以推導(dǎo)出本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是D。考生在解題時(shí)一定要有審題定位的能力，更要具備善于理解原文中啟承轉(zhuǎn)合所傳達(dá)的含義。
2. 【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)解析】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干中的“failed”一詞暗示本題的答案信息應(yīng)該在尾段，因?yàn)槲捕沃泻?ldquo;fails”一詞。根據(jù)閱讀和理解首段尾句，我們可以推導(dǎo)出本題的正確選項(xiàng)是D。考生在解題時(shí)一定要善于理解原文中所傳達(dá)的中心含義。
3. 【答案】B
【考點(diǎn)解析】本題是一道歸納推導(dǎo)題。本題題干中的“Bailyn’s fourth proposition”將本題的答案信息來(lái)源確定在原文的第四段。通過(guò)仔細(xì)閱讀和理解本段的每一句話，尤其是第二、三句話和四、五句話，我們可以推導(dǎo)出本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是B。考生在解題時(shí)一定要善于歸納和推導(dǎo)原文的內(nèi)容，更要善于體會(huì)上下句之間的語(yǔ)意關(guān)系。
4. 【答案】A
【考點(diǎn)解析】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推導(dǎo)題。題干中的“culture”一詞暗示本題的答案信息來(lái)源在第四段，因?yàn)榈谒亩问拙浒?ldquo;culture”一詞。通過(guò)仔細(xì)閱讀和理解第四段的每一句話，尤其是第四句，我們可以推導(dǎo)出本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是A。考生在解題時(shí)一定要注意原文中重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的含義，以及重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)在選項(xiàng)中的替換形式。
5. 【答案】A
【考點(diǎn)解析】這是一道審題定位題。題干并沒(méi)有明確指出本題答案信息在原文中的準(zhǔn)確位置。在這種情況下，考生一定要抓住全文的中心主旨，以及每段的核心句。本題的答案信息來(lái)源在第四段的尾句，這是一個(gè)由轉(zhuǎn)折詞“however”引導(dǎo)的句子。通過(guò)仔細(xì)閱讀理解本句，我們可以推導(dǎo)出本題的正確選項(xiàng)是A。考生在解題時(shí)一定要重視原文中表達(dá)啟承轉(zhuǎn)合的詞語(yǔ)，因?yàn)檫@往往是出題的重點(diǎn)。
TEXT 2
People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.
To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .
He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .
1. [A]grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers
2. [A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external
3. [A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external
4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all
5. [A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless
6. [A] in [B] on [C]to [D] for
7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless
8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C]share [D]test
9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success
10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified
11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise
12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured
13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged
14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took
15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather
16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced
17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below
18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate
19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard
20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful
Section I Use of English
1. A. grants
2. D. external
3. C. picture
4. A. For example
5. B. fearful
6. B. on
7. A. if
8. D. test
9. D. success
10. A. chosen
11. D. otherwise
12. C. conducted
13. B. rated
14. D. took
15. B. then
16. C. marked
17. A. before
18. C. drop
19. B. undo
20. C. necessary
2020年全國(guó)
考研英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)試題及答案。在做小題，如選擇題這些題型時(shí)，考生一定要注意抓核心關(guān)鍵詞，做題前一定要先仔細(xì)認(rèn)真閱讀題目，理解透徹句子的意思之后，排除干擾項(xiàng)。
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