gruffness的音標為[?ɡr?fnis] ，基本翻譯為“粗魯；粗暴”，速記技巧為：gr-“粗魯”的諧音。

gruffness這個詞的詞源可以追溯到古英語中的“grufa”或“grufe”，意為粗魯、粗野。它的變化形式包括其過去式“gruffed”、過去分詞“gruffed”以及現在分詞“gruffing”。

相關單詞：

“roughness”：意為粗糙、粗魯，與gruffness有相似的含義，其詞源也與grufa有關。

“gruff”：意為粗魯、咆哮，是gruffness的縮寫形式。

“gruffly”：意為粗魯地、咆哮地，是gruffness的副詞形式。

“gruffnessy”：意為粗魯、咆哮的特質或傾向，是gruffness的形容詞形式。

“gruffness-like”：意為類似于粗魯、咆哮的行為或特征，是gruffness的近義詞形式。

“rude”：意為粗魯、不禮貌，與gruffness有相似的含義，其詞源可以追溯到古英語中的“ruod”。

“coarse”：意為粗糙、粗俗，與gruffness有相近的含義。

“harsh”：意為嚴厲、粗暴，與gruffness有相似之處。

“rumbustious”：意為喧鬧的、吵鬧的，與gruffness沒有直接關系，但其含義與“粗魯”有關。

以上這些單詞都與gruffness有某種程度的關聯，并且可以用來描述不同程度和形式的粗魯或粗野行為。

gruffness常用短語：

1. be gruff with sb 對某人態度粗暴

2. have a gruff voice 聲音粗啞

3. be short and gruff 個子矮小粗壯

4. gruff speech 粗聲粗氣的說話

5. gruff manner 粗暴無禮的態度

6. gruff appearance 粗獷的外表

7. gruff laugh 粗聲粗氣的笑

例句：

1. He always speaks in a gruff voice, making people feel uneasy.

他總是用粗聲粗氣的聲音說話，讓人感到不安。

2. She has a gruff manner and doesn"t like to be treated like a child.

她態度粗暴，不喜歡別人把她當小孩對待。

3. He was short and gruff, but he was a good boss.

他身材矮小粗壯，但他是個好老板。

4. She was always gruff with her children, but she loved them dearly.

她總是對孩子們態度粗暴，但她非常愛他們。

5. The teacher"s gruff laugh made the students feel uneasy.

老師粗聲粗氣的笑讓學生們感到不安。

6. I don"t like the way he speaks to me in a gruff voice.

我不喜歡他用粗聲粗氣的聲音對我說話的方式。

7. She is a gruff woman who doesn"t suffer fools gladly.

她是一個不輕易容忍傻瓜的粗魯女人。

英文小作文：

My Teacher

My teacher is a gruff woman who always speaks in a stern voice. She doesn"t tolerate any nonsense from us students and always makes us work hard to achieve our goals. Although she can be strict at times, she is also very caring and understanding when we need help or advice. She is always there for us when we need her, and she is a great role model for us to follow. I admire her for her dedication and hard work, and I hope to be like her when I grow up.