externality的音標為[?k?st??n?sl?ti]，基本翻譯為“外部性；外觀；外力；外貌”，速記技巧為“外（external）性（ality）”。

Externality這個詞的英文詞源可以追溯到拉丁語和希臘語，意為“外部的，外在的”。它的變化形式包括External, Exterior, Extrinsic等。

相關單詞：

Externality：外部性，指一種經濟活動對其他經濟實體的影響，可能是正面的（例如，環保活動對環境的正面影響），也可能是負面的（例如，污染對環境的負面影響）。

Exposure：暴露，接觸，指接觸到外部環境或事物的情況。

Exterior：外部的，外表的，指與內部相對的物體或環境的表面。

Externalism：外部主義，一種哲學觀點，認為某些事物或行為的影響超出了其直接涉及的個體或實體。

Extrinsic：外在的，非本質的，指與內在因素或本質無關的因素或影響。

Excess：過量，過剩，指超過需要的部分，通常與外部因素相關。

ExternalPressure：外部壓力，指來自外部環境或力量的壓力或影響。

ExternalityCost：外部性成本，指由于外部因素導致的額外成本或損失。

ExternalityBenefit：外部性利益，指由于外部因素而獲得的額外收益或好處。

總的來說，Externality這個詞反映了人類對外部環境影響的關注和思考，它不僅是一個經濟學概念，也涉及到哲學、社會學等多個領域。

外部性（externality）常用短語：

1. positive externality 正外部性

2. negative externality 負外部性

3. externality effect 外部效應

4. externality cost 外部成本

5. externality theory 外部效應理論

6. externality impact 外部影響

7. externality risk 外部風險

雙語例句：

1. Positive externality: The government"s investment in infrastructure has a positive impact on the economy. (正外部性：政府對基礎設施的投資對經濟有積極影響。)

2. Negative externality: Smoking has negative externality because it affects others around you. (負外部性：吸煙具有負外部性，因為它會影響你周圍的他人。)

3. Externality cost: The company"s decision to cut costs by reducing safety measures has resulted in increased externality cost. (外部成本：公司通過減少安全措施來削減成本的決定導致外部成本增加。)

英文小作文：

The concept of externality is crucial in understanding the impact of various factors on society and economy. Positive externality refers to the benefits that arise from external factors that encourage growth and development, while negative externality refers to the costs or disadvantages that arise from factors that hinder growth and development. Externality can be seen in various aspects of life, such as environmental pollution caused by industrial activities, social conflicts arising from unequal distribution of resources, and healthcare costs incurred by the spread of diseases due to poor sanitation conditions.

In order to minimize the negative effects of externality, it is essential to recognize its existence and take measures to address it. For instance, governments can implement policies that encourage sustainable development and protect the environment, while companies can adopt sustainable production methods that minimize negative impacts on the environment and society. By doing so, we can create a more inclusive and sustainable society that benefits everyone.